Bradley J. Cardinale
- Professor
University Park, PA 16802
- Email bjc6025@psu.edu
Areas of Expertise
- Conservation biology, restoration ecology, ecological design, freshwater ecosystem management
Websites
Education
- 2002 Ph.D. in Biology, University of Maryland
- 1996 M.S. in Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University
- 1993 B.S. in Biology, Arizona State University
Dr. Cardinale is an ecologist who focuses on the conservation and restoration of biodiversity in natural systems, as well as the ecological design of human engineered systems that benefit from use of native species and biodiversity. Cardinale has published over 130 peer-reviewed papers, received more than $38 million in grant funding, and ranked as one of the world’s most highly cited researchers in the area of Environment / Ecology since 2014. Cardinale is also an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and a fellow of the Ecological Society of America (ESA).
Dr. Cardinale received his B.S. in Biology from Arizona State University in 1993, an M.S. degree in Fisheries and Wildlife from Michigan State University in 1996, followed by a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 2002. During his graduate studies he worked on the ecological restoration of freshwater ecosystems. He began his faculty career at the University of California-Santa Barbara as an Assistant Professor in 2005 where he worked on conservation and management of biodiversity in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. He then moved to the University of Michigan in 2011 where he formed and directed the Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research – a research institute that brought together universities, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private-business partners to work together on sustainable management of the Great Lakes.
In 2021, Dr. Cardinale was named Head of Penn State’s Department of Ecosystem Science and Management where he helps coordinate the research, teaching, and extension activities of more than 50 faculty and federal agency scientists and 100 graduate students who work on the sustainable management of natural and managed ecosystems.
Publications
Impacts of Fungal Disease on Algal Biofuel Systems: Using Life Cycle Assessment to Compare Control Strategies
Environmental Science & Technology, Miyasato, Elena M., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2023
Tolerance to allelopathic inhibition by free fatty acids in five biofuel candidate microalgae strains
Bioresource Technology Reports, Thomas, Patrick K., Hietala, David C., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2023
A synthesis of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative according to the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation
Journal of Great Lakes Research, Jurjonas, Matthew, May, Christopher A., Cardinale, Bradley J., Kyriakakis, Stephanie, Pearsall, Douglas R., Doran, Patrick J., 2022
Human pressure drives biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships in large Neotropical wetlands
Nature Ecology and Evolution, Moi, Dieison A., Lansac-Tôha, Fernando M., Romero, Gustavo Q., Sobral-Souza, Thadeu, Cardinale, Bradley J., Kratina, Pavel, Perkins, Daniel M., Teixeira de Mello, Franco, Jeppesen, Erik, Heino, Jani, Lansac-Tôha, Fábio A., Velho, Luiz F.M., Mormul, Roger P., 2022
Effects of consumer diversity on prey consumption are not influenced by omnivory
Elementa, Chang, Feng Hsun, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2022
No evidence of biodiversity effects on stream ecosystem functioning across green and brown food web pathways
Freshwater Biology, López-Rojo, Naiara, Boyero, Luz, Pérez, Javier, Basaguren, Ana, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2022
Biodiversity and disease risk in an algal biofuel system: An experimental test in outdoor ponds using a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design
PLoS One, Widin, Spenser L., Billings, Kia M., McGowen, John, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2022
Do not downplay biodiversity loss
Nature, Loreau, Michel, Cardinale, Bradley J., Isbell, Forest, Newbold, Tim, O’Connor, Mary I., de Mazancourt, Claire, 2022
Impacts of detritivore diversity loss on instream decomposition are greatest in the tropics
Nature Communications, Boyero, Luz, López-Rojo, Naiara, Tonin, Alan M., Pérez, Javier, Correa-Araneda, Francisco, Pearson, Richard G., Bosch, Jaime, Albariño, Ricardo J., Anbalagan, Sankarappan, Barmuta, Leon A., Basaguren, Ana, Burdon, Francis J., Caliman, Adriano, Callisto, Marcos, Calor, Adolfo R., Campbell, Ian C., Cardinale, Bradley J., Jesús Casas, J., Chará-Serna, Ana M., Chauvet, Eric, Ciapała, Szymon, Colón-Gaud, Checo, Cornejo, Aydeé, Davis, Aaron M., Degebrodt, Monika, Dias, Emerson S., Díaz, María E., Douglas, Michael M., Encalada, Andrea C., Figueroa, Ricardo, Flecker, Alexander S., Fleituch, Tadeusz, García, Erica A., García, Gabriela, García, Pavel E., Gessner, Mark O., Gómez, Jesús E., Gómez, Sergio, Gonçalves, Jose F., Graça, Manuel A.S., Gwinn, Daniel C., Hall, Robert O., Hamada, Neusa, Hui, Cang, Imazawa, Daichi, Iwata, Tomoya, Kariuki, Samuel K., Landeira-Dabarca, Andrea, Laymon, Kelsey, Leal, María, Marchant, Richard, Martins, Renato T., Masese, Frank O., Maul, Megan, McKie, Brendan G., Medeiros, Adriana O., Erimba, Charles M.M’, Middleton, Jen A., Monroy, Silvia, Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Ramírez, Alonso, Richardson, John S., Rincón, José, Rubio-Ríos, Juan, dos Santos, Gisele M., Sarremejane, Romain, Sheldon, Fran, Sitati, Augustine, Tenkiano, Nathalie S.D., Tiegs, Scott D., Tolod, Janine R., Venarsky, Michael, Watson, Anne, Yule, Catherine M., 2021
Why does the public support or oppose agricultural nutrient runoff regulations? The effects of political orientation, environmental worldview, and policy specific beliefs
Journal of Environmental Management, Guo, Tian, Campbell-Arvai, Victoria, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2021
Latitude dictates plant diversity effects on instream decomposition
Science advances, Boyero, Luz, Pérez, Javier, López-Rojo, Naiara, Tonin, Alan M., Correa-Araneda, Francisco, Pearson, Richard G., Bosch, Jaime, Albariño, Ricardo J., Anbalagan, Sankarappan, Barmuta, Leon A., Beesley, Leah, Burdon, Francis J., Caliman, Adriano, Callisto, Marcos, Campbell, Ian C., Cardinale, Bradley J., Jesús Casas, J., Chará-Serna, Ana M., Ciapała, Szymon, Chauvet, Eric, Colón-Gaud, Checo, Cornejo, Aydeé, Davis, Aaron M., Degebrodt, Monika, Dias, Emerson S., Díaz, María E., Douglas, Michael M., Elosegi, Arturo, Encalada, Andrea C., De Eyto, Elvira, Figueroa, Ricardo, Flecker, Alexander S., Fleituch, Tadeusz, Frainer, André, França, Juliana S., García, Erica A., García, Gabriela, García, Pavel, Gessner, Mark O., Giller, Paul S., Gómez, Jesús E., Gómez, Sergio, Gonçalves, Jose F., Graça, Manuel A.S., Hall, Robert O., Hamada, Neusa, Hepp, Luiz U., Hui, Cang, Imazawa, Daichi, Iwata, Tomoya, Junior, Edson S.A., Kariuki, Samuel, Landeira-Dabarca, Andrea, Leal, María, Lehosmaa, Kaisa, M’Erimba, Charles, Marchant, Richard, Martins, Renato T., Masese, Frank O., Camden, Megan, McKie, Brendan G., Medeiros, Adriana O., Middleton, Jen A., Muotka, Timo, Negishi, Junjiro N., Pozo, Jesús, Ramírez, Alonso, Rezende, Renan S., Richardson, John S., Rincón, José, Rubio-Ríos, Juan, Serrano, Claudia, Shaffer, Angela R., Sheldon, Fran, Swan, Christopher M., Tenkiano, Nathalie S.D., Tiegs, Scott D., Tolod, Janine R., Vernasky, Michael, Watson, Anne, Yegon, Mourine J., Yule, Catherine M., 2021
Weak intra-guild predation facilitates consumer coexistence but does not guarantee higher consumer density
Ecological Modelling, Chang, Feng Hsun, Ke, Po Ju, Cardinale, Bradley, 2020
An empiricist's guide to modern coexistence theory for competitive communities
Oikos, Godwin, Casey M., Chang, Feng Hsun, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2020
Hedonic Price Estimates of Lake Water Quality: Valued Attribute, Instrumental Variables, and Ecological-Economic Benefits
Ecological Economics, Moore, Michael R., Doubek, Jonathan P., Xu, Hui, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2020
Intra-guild predation (IGP) can increase or decrease prey density depending on the strength of IGP
Ecology, Chang, Feng Hsun, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2020
Microbiomes reduce their host’s sensitivity to interspecific interactions
mBio, Jackrel, Sara L., Schmidt, Kathryn C., Cardinale, Bradley J., Denef, Vincent J., 2020
Scaling up biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships across space and over time
Ecology, Qiu, Jiangxiao, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2020
What determines the public's support for water quality regulations to mitigate agricultural runoff?
Environmental Science and Policy, Guo, Tian, Gill, Devin, Johengen, Thomas H., Cardinale, Bradley L., 2019
Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels
PLoS One, Albertson, Lindsey K., Sklar, Leonard S., Cooper, Scott D., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2019
Biodiversity Improves Life Cycle Sustainability Metrics in Algal Biofuel Production
Environmental Science & Technology, Carruthers, David N., Godwin, Casey M., Hietala, David C., Cardinale, Bradley J., Lin, Xiaoxia Nina, Savage, Phillip E., 2019
Species diversity of resident green algae slows the establishment and proliferation of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Limnologica, Nolan, Madeline P., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2019
The independent and coupled effects of feedstock characteristics and reaction conditions on biocrude production by hydrothermal liquefaction
Applied Energy, Hietala, David C., Godwin, Casey M., Cardinale, Bradley J., Savage, Phillip E., 2019
The individual and synergistic impacts of feedstock characteristics and reaction conditions on the aqueous co-product from hydrothermal liquefaction
Algal Research, Hietala, David C., Godwin, Casey M., Cardinale, Bradley J., Savage, Phillip E., 2019
Interactions between large and small detritivores influence how biodiversity impacts litter decomposition
Journal of Animal Ecology, Tonin, Alan M., Pozo, Jesús, Monroy, Silvia, Basaguren, Ana, Pérez, Javier, Gonçalves, José F., Pearson, Richard, Cardinale, Bradley J., Boyero, Luz, 2018
Riparian plant biodiversity reduces stream channel migration rates in three rivers in Michigan, U.S.A.
Ecohydrology, Allen, Daniel C., Wynn-Thompson, Theresa M., Kopp, Darin A., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2018
Is local biodiversity declining or not? A summary of the debate over analysis of species richness time trends
Biological Conservation, Cardinale, Bradley J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Allington, Ginger R.H., Loreau, Michel, 2018
Biodiversity improves the ecological design of sustainable biofuel systems
GCB Bioenergy, Godwin, Casey M., Lashaway, Aubrey R., Hietala, David C., Savage, Phillip E., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2018
Ecological engineering helps maximize function in algal oil production
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Jackrel, Sara L., Narwani, Anita, Bentlage, Bastian, Levine, Robert B., Hietala, David C., Savage, Phillip E., Oakley, Todd H., Denef, Vincent J., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2018
Ranking stressor impacts on periphyton structure and function with mesocosm experiments and environmental-change forecasts
PLoS One, Costello, David M., Kulacki, Konrad J., McCarthy, Mary E., Tiegs, Scott D., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2018
Ecological Stoichiometry Meets Ecological Engineering: Using Polycultures to Enhance the Multifunctionality of Algal Biocrude Systems
Environmental Science & Technology, Godwin, Casey M., Hietala, David C., Lashaway, Aubrey R., Narwani, Anita, Savage, Phillip E., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2017
Biodiversity effects in the wild are common and as strong as key drivers of productivity
Nature, Emmett Duffy, J., Godwin, Casey M., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2017
Influence of biodiversity, biochemical composition, and species identity on the quality of biomass and biocrude oil produced via hydrothermal liquefaction
Algal Research, Hietala, David C., Koss, Cristina K., Narwani, Anita, Lashaway, Aubrey R., Godwin, Casey M., Cardinale, Bradley J., Savage, Phillip E., 2017
Demonstration of transgressive overyielding of algal mixed cultures in microdroplets
Integrative Biology (United Kingdom), Carruthers, David N., Byun, Chang Kyu, Cardinale, Bradley J., Lin, Xiaoxia Nina, 2017
Biodiversity: what value should we use?
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Hungate, Bruce A., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2017
Stream nitrogen concentration, but not plant N-fixing capacity, modulates litter diversity effects on decomposition
Functional Ecology, Tonin, Alan M., Boyero, Luz, Monroy, Silvia, Basaguren, Ana, Pérez, Javier, Pearson, Richard G., Cardinale, Bradley J., Gonçalves, José Francisco, Pozo, Jesús, 2017
Ecosystem services in the Great Lakes
Journal of Great Lakes Research, Steinman, Alan D., Cardinale, Bradley J., Munns, Wayne R., Ogdahl, Mary E., Allan, J. David, Angadi, Ted, Bartlett, Sarah, Brauman, Kate, Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara, Doss, Matt, Dupont, Diane, Johns, Annie, Kashian, Donna, Lupi, Frank, McIntyre, Peter, Miller, Todd, Moore, Michael, Muenich, Rebecca Logsdon, Poudel, Rajendra, Price, James, Provencher, Bill, Rea, Anne, Read, Jennifer, Renzetti, Steven, Sohngen, Brent, Washburn, Erika, 2017
Ecological interactions and coexistence are predicted by gene expression similarity in freshwater green algae
Journal of Ecology, Narwani, Anita, Bentlage, Bastian, Alexandrou, Markos A., Fritschie, Keith J., Delwiche, Charles, Oakley, Todd H., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2017
The economic value of grassland species for carbon storage
Science advances, Hungate, Bruce A., Barbier, Edward B., Ando, Amy W., Marks, Samuel P., Reich, Peter B., van Gestel, Natasja, Tilman, David, Knops, Johannes M.H., Hooper, David U., Butterfield, Bradley J., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2017
A general biodiversity–function relationship is mediated by trophic level
Oikos, O'Connor, Mary I., Gonzalez, Andrew, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Cardinale, Bradley J., Duffy, J. Emmett, Gamfeldt, Lars, Griffin, John N., Hooper, David, Hungate, Bruce A., Paquette, Alain, Thompson, Patrick L., Dee, Laura E., Dolan, Kristin L., 2017
Algal polycultures enhance coproduct recycling from hydrothermal liquefaction
Agricultural Wastes, Godwin, Casey M., Hietala, David C., Lashaway, Aubrey R., Narwani, Anita, Savage, Phillip E., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2017
Power of Plankton: Effects of Algal Biodiversity on Biocrude Production and Stability
Environmental Science & Technology, Narwani, Anita, Lashaway, Aubrey R., Hietala, David C., Savage, Phillip E., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2016
Biotic and abiotic variables influencing plant litter breakdown in streams: A global study
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Boyero, Luz, Pearson, Richard G., Hui, Cang, Gessner, Mark O., Pérez, Javier, Alexandrou, Markos A., Graça, Manuel A.S., Cardinale, Bradley J., Albariño, Ricardo J., Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy, Barmuta, Leon A., Boulton, Andrew J., Bruder, Andreas, Callisto, Marcos, Chauvet, Eric, Death, Russell G., Dudgeon, David, Encalada, Andrea C., Ferreira, Verónica, Figueroa, Ricardo, Flecker, Alexander S., Gonçalves, José F., Helson, Julie, Iwata, Tomoya, Jinggut, Tajang, Mathooko, Jude, Mathuriau, Catherine, M’Erimba, Charles, Moretti, Marcelo S., Pringle, Catherine M., Ramírez, Alonso, Ratnarajah, Lavenia, Rincon, José, Yule, Catherine M., 2016
Estimating local biodiversity change: A critique of papers claiming no net loss of local diversity
Ecology, Gonzalez, Andrew, Cardinale, Bradley J., Allington, Ginger R.H., Byrnes, Jarrett, Endsley, K. Arthur, Brown, Daniel G., Hooper, David U., Isbell, Forest, O'Connor, Mary I., Loreau, Michel, 2016
Herbivores control effects of algal species richness on community biomass and stability in a laboratory microcosm experiment
Oikos, Rakowski, Chase, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2016
Plant biodiversity effects in reducing fluvial erosion are limited to low species richness
Ecology, Allen, Daniel C., Cardinale, Bradley J., Wynn-Thompson, Theresa, 2016
Anthropogenic land use is associated with N-fixing cyanobacterial dominance in lakes across the continental United States
Aquatic Sciences, Doubek, Jonathan P., Carey, Cayelan C., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2015
Phylogenetic distance does not predict competition in green algal communities
Ecosphere, Naughton, H. R., Alexandrou, M. A., Oakley, T. H., Cardinale, B. J., 2015
Species richness, but not phylogenetic diversity, influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies
Functional Ecology, Venail, Patrick, Gross, Kevin, Oakley, Todd H., Narwani, Anita, Allan, Eric, Flombaum, Pedro, Isbell, Forest, Joshi, Jasmin, Reich, Peter B., Tilman, David, van Ruijven, Jasper, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2015
Biodiversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality across trophic levels and habitats
Nature Communications, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Isbell, Forest, Gamfeldt, Lars, Griffin, John N., Eisenhauer, Nico, Hensel, Marc J.S., Hector, Andy, Cardinale, Bradley J., Duffy, J. Emmett, 2015
Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: What's known and what's next?
Oikos, Gamfeldt, Lars, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Cardinale, Bradley J., Duffy, J. Emmett, Griffin, John N., 2015
Reply to comment by S. P. Ferguson and C. D. Rennie on "a mechanistic model linking insect (Hydropsychidae) silk nets to incipient sediment motion in gravel-bedded streams"
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Albertson, Lindsey K., Sklar, Leonard S., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2015
Further re-analyses looking for effects of phylogenetic diversity on community biomass and stability
Functional Ecology, Cardinale, Bradley J., Venail, Patrick, Gross, Kevin, Oakley, Todd H., Narwani, Anita, Allan, Eric, Flombaum, Pedro, Joshi, Jasmin, Reich, Peter B., Tilman, David, van Ruijven, Jasper, 2015
Common ancestry is a poor predictor of competitive traits in freshwater green algae
PLoS One, Narwani, Anita, Alexandrou, Markos A., Herrin, James, Vouaux, Alaina, Zhou, Charles, Oakley, Todd H., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2015
Evolutionary relatedness does not predict competition and co-occurrence in natural or experimental communities of green algae
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Alexandrou, Markos, Cardinale, Bradley, Hall, John, Delwiche, Charles, Fritschie, Keith, Narwani, Anita, Venail, Patrick, Bentlage, Bastian, Pankey, M., Oakley, Todd, 2015
Evolutionary relatedness does not predict competition and co-occurrence in natural or experimental communities of green algae
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Alexandrou, Markos A., Cardinale, Bradley J., Hall, John D., Delwiche, Charles F., Fritschie, Keith, Narwani, Anita, Venail, Patrick A., Bentlage, Bastian, Sabrina Pankey, M., Oakley, Todd H., 2014
Do polycultures promote win-wins or trade-offs in agricultural ecosystem services? A meta-analysis
Journal of Applied Ecology, Iverson, Aaron L., Marín, Linda E., Ennis, Katherine K., Gonthier, David J., Connor-Barrie, Benjamin T., Remfert, Jane L., Cardinale, Bradley J., Perfecto, Ivette, 2014
The influence of phylogenetic relatedness on species interactions among freshwater green algae in a mesocosm experiment
Journal of Ecology, Venail, Patrick A., Narwani, Anita, Fritschie, Keith, Alexandrou, Markos A., Oakley, Todd H., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2014
Non-additive increases in sediment stability are generated by macroinvertebrate species interactions in laboratory streams
PLoS One, Albertson, Lindsey K., Cardinale, Bradley J., Sklar, Leonard S., 2014
Biodiversity conservation in agriculture requires a multi-scale approach
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Gonthier, David J., Ennis, Katherine K., Farinas, Serge, Hsieh, Hsun Yi, Iverson, Aaron L., Batáry, Péter, Rudolphi, Jörgen, Tscharntke, Teja, Cardinale, Bradley J., Perfecto, Ivette, 2014
Evolutionary history and the strength of species interactions: Testing the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis
Ecology, Fritschie, Keith J., Cardinale, Bradley J., Alexandrou, Markos A., Oakley, Todd H., 2014
Toward a better integration of ecological principles into ecogeoscience research
BioScience, Allen, Daniel C., Cardinale, Bradley J., Wynn-Thompson, Theresa, 2014
Is the relationship between algal diversity and biomass in North American lakes consistent with biodiversity experiments?
Oikos, Zimmerman, Emily K., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2014
Biotic vs. abiotic control of decomposition: A comparison of the effects of simulated extinctions and changes in temperature
PLoS One, Boyero, Luz, Cardinale, Bradley J., Bastian, Mikis, Pearson, Richard G., 2014
Overlooked local biodiversity loss
Science, Cardinale, Bradley, 2014
Investigating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality: Challenges and solutions
Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Gamfeldt, Lars, Isbell, Forest, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Griffin, John N., Hector, Andy, Cardinale, Bradley J., Hooper, David U., Dee, Laura E., Emmett Duffy, J., 2014
Species richness and the temporal stability of biomass production: A new analysis of recent biodiversity experiments
American Naturalist, Gross, Kevin, Cardinale, Bradley J., Fox, Jeremy W., Gonzalez, Andrew, Loreau, Michel, Wayne Polley, H., Reich, Peter B., van Ruijven, Jasper, 2014
Amechanistic model linking insect (Hydropsychidae) silk nets to incipient sediment motion in gravel-bedded streams
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Albertson, Lindsey K., Sklar, Leonard S., Pontau, Patricia, Dow, Michelle, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2014
Niche and fitness differences relate the maintenance of diversity to ecosystem function (vol 92, pg 1157, 2011)
ECOLOGY, Carroll, I., Cardinale, Bradley, Nisbet, R., 2014
Experimental evidence that evolutionary relatedness does not affect the ecological mechanisms of coexistence in freshwater green algae
Ecology Letters, Narwani, Anita, Alexandrou, Markos A., Oakley, Todd H., Carroll, Ian T., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2013
Effects of predator richness on prey suppression: A meta-analysis
Ecology, Griffin, John N., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2013
Biodiversity simultaneously enhances the production and stability of community biomass, but the effects are independent
Ecology, Cardinale, Bradley J., Gross, Kevin, Fritschie, Keith, Flombaum, Pedro, Fox, Jeremy W., Rixen, Christian, Van Ruijven, Jasper, Reich, Peter B., Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Wilsey, Brian J., 2013
Interactions between sea urchin grazing and prey diversity on temperate rocky reef communities
Ecology, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Cardinale, Bradley J., Reed, Daniel C., 2013
How does coarse gravel augmentation affect early-stage Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha embryonic survivorship?
Journal of Fish Biology, Utz, R. M., Mesick, C. F., Cardinale, B. J., Dunne, T., 2013
How does restored habitat for chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the merced river in california compare with other chinook streams?
River Research and Applications, Albertson, L. K., Koenig, L. E., Lewis, B. L., Zeug, S. C., Harrison, L. R., Cardinale, B. J., 2013
Consistency and sensitivity of stream periphyton community structural and functional responses to nutrient enrichment
Ecological Applications, Nelson, Craig E., Bennett, Danuta M., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2013
Towards a general theory of biodiversity for the Anthropocene
Elementa, Cardinale, Bradley J., 2013
Shared ancestry influences community stability by altering competitive interactions: Evidence from a laboratory microcosm experiment using freshwater green algae
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Venail, Patrick A., Alexandrou, Markos A., Oakley, Todd H., Cardinale, Bradley J., 2013
